{
  "segment": "Privately held humanoid-robot startups headquartered in mainland China, reviewed 2026-11-03; includes explicitly flagged borderline morphology, scale or ownership cases. Listed manufacturers (including Unitree), automaker/big-tech divisions and research institutes are outside this segment. Null founding years were not verified.",
  "companies": [
    {"company":"AGIBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.agibot.com/","humanoid_product":"A3 Ultra; A2; X2 — bipedal humanoids for commercial service and embodied-AI research","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://store.agibot.com/pages/about-us","include":"yes","note":"智元机器人. Founding year: https://store.agibot.com/pages/about-us"},
    {"company":"AgileX Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://global.agilex.ai/","humanoid_product":"COBOT MAGIC — mobile dual-arm embodied-AI research platform","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://global.agilex.ai/products/cobot-magic-bimanual-teleoperation-platform-mobile-aloha","include":"borderline","note":"松灵机器人; complete mobile dual-arm product, but Mobile ALOHA form has a sensor mast rather than clearly anthropomorphic head/torso. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"AI² Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://ai2robotics.com/","humanoid_product":"AlphaBot 2 — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for versatile manipulation","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://docs.ai2robotics.com/en/alphabot2/hardware/architecture/","include":"yes","note":"智平方. Robot has folding lifting legs, torso, two arms and articulated neck; Founding year: https://ai2robotics.com/en/about/"},
    {"company":"Anyverse Dynamics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://anyverse.com/","humanoid_product":"K15 — general-purpose wheeled dual-arm humanoid","founded_year":2025,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/777.html","include":"yes","note":"无界动力; independent startup founded by former Horizon personnel; own K15 hardware, not only world-model software."},
    {"company":"AnyWit Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.anywit.com/","humanoid_product":"Teacher Xiao’an/Singer Annie — expressive full-body humanoid prototypes","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://www.anywit.com/","include":"borderline","note":"无论科技; own site dates complete robots to 2025, but locomotion and general-purpose manipulation are not established; also sells robotic busts."},
    {"company":"ARTROBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.artrobot.com/","humanoid_product":"ART series — large bipedal general-purpose research humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.artrobot.com/h-nd-202.html","include":"yes","note":"钢铁侠科技; manufacturer's own article describes five generations of large bipedal humanoids. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"ARX Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://arx-x.com/","humanoid_product":"LIFT-mini/X7s — wheeled dual-arm manipulation research robots","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://github.com/ARXroboticsX/LIFT-mini-beta","include":"yes","note":"方舟无限; Chinese maker, distinct from German ARX Robotics. Official SDK specifies head, left/right arms and mobile chassis. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Astribot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.astribot.com/","humanoid_product":"S1 — dual-arm humanoid robot assistant","founded_year":2022,"source_url":"https://www.astribot.com/","include":"yes","note":"星尘智能. Founded in Shenzhen at the end of 2022."},
    {"company":"ATOMROBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.atomrobot.com/","humanoid_product":"Tianbing-1 AR-H1 — human-scale wheeled industrial humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.atomrobot.com/product","include":"yes","note":"阿童木机器人; embodied robot product distinct from its delta robots; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Booster Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.booster.tech/","humanoid_product":"T2; K1 — bipedal embodied-AI development platforms","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://www.booster.tech/about-us?target=en","include":"yes","note":"加速进化."},
    {"company":"BXI Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.bxirobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"Elf 3 — general-purpose bipedal humanoid development platform","founded_year":2022,"source_url":"https://www.bxirobotics.com/about","include":"yes","note":"半醒科技. Company confirms Shanghai headquarters and in-house design/manufacture."},
    {"company":"CASBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://casbot.tech/","humanoid_product":"CASBOT 02 — full-size bipedal humanoid; W1 wheeled embodied robot","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://casbot.tech/","include":"yes","note":"中科慧灵. Beijing company; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Corenetic AI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.corenetic.ai/","humanoid_product":"Monte02 — wheeled dual-arm general-purpose humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://ent-fund.org/sc/news/details/522","include":"yes","note":"源络科技. Investor's announcement confirms own robot publicly shown at WRC 2025; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"CRP Robot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://crprobot.com/","humanoid_product":"Lingshuo II and bipedal humanoid — industrial mobile manipulation robots","founded_year":2012,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/843.html","include":"yes","note":"卡诺普; own 1.6 m bipedal robot and wheeled dual-arm humanoid, beyond standalone arms; official English exhibitor name Chengdu CRP Robot Technology."},
    {"company":"Cyan Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.cyanborg.com/","humanoid_product":"Orca — 1.45 m bipedal humanoid; Amoo 80 cm companion humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.cyanborg.com/","include":"yes","note":"青心意创. Official English title uses Cyan Robotics; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Cyborg Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.cyb-org.cn/","humanoid_product":"CYBORG-R01; W01 — bipedal and wheeled humanoids for hazardous industries","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.cyb-org.cn/","include":"yes","note":"赛博格机器人. Shenzhen company; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Daimon Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.dmrobot.com/","humanoid_product":"Sparky 1 — dexterous humanoid for manipulation","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/daimon-robotics-releases-embodied-dataset-daimon-infinity-2044748516201508865","include":"yes","note":"戴盟机器人; Shenzhen-headquartered company with Hong Kong R&D, beyond its tactile components. Founding/operating dates differ; founding year left unverified. HQ: https://www.dmrobot.com/about.html."},
    {"company":"Dataa Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.dataarobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"Cloud Ginger 2.0 — humanoid intelligent service robot","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.dataarobotics.com/en/about/history/id/37","include":"yes","note":"达闼机器人. Distinguish own Ginger hardware from the Pepper robot also listed on its site; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"DEEP Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.deeprobotics.cn/","humanoid_product":"DR02 — full-size industrial humanoid for indoor and outdoor tasks","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://en.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/dr02.html","include":"yes","note":"云深处科技. Included for its own DR02, beyond its quadruped business; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"DexForce","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.dexforce.com/","humanoid_product":"W1 Pro — general-purpose wheeled dual-arm humanoid","founded_year":2021,"source_url":"https://dexforce.com/en/about","include":"yes","note":"跨维智能. Founded in Shenzhen; designs integrated hardware as well as foundation models."},
    {"company":"Digit Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.digit.com.cn/","humanoid_product":"Xingxingxia P02; Xiaqi X02 — general-purpose and biomimetic service humanoids","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/500.html","include":"yes","note":"数字华夏; official WRC profile dates founding to March 2024 in Shenzhen; English profile identifies Digit Robotics."},
    {"company":"DroidUp","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.droidup.com/","humanoid_product":"Moya — biomimetic humanoid for care, reception and interaction","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.droidup.com/","include":"yes","note":"卓益得机器人. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"DX Intech Technology","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.huoxingmeinv.com/","humanoid_product":"Mars Beauty — wheeled lifelike humanoid for reception and venue guidance","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/469.html","include":"borderline","note":"大象安泰; manufacturer uses DX Intech in WRC English profile. Subsidiary of NEEQ-quoted Chunshuitang, so outside independently private startups; ownership: https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2024-04-26/1219936089.PDF. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"EIR","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.eir.com.cn/","humanoid_product":"SKYWALKER I/II and AiQ — full-size and emotional-interaction humanoids","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/789.html","include":"yes","note":"四川具身人形机器人科技; WRC describes a professor-founded commercial company with its own robot product matrix, distinct from a university research institute."},
    {"company":"Elephant Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.elephantrobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"Mercury X1 — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for research and services","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/mercury-x1-en/","include":"yes","note":"大象机器人. Complete 19-DoF mobile humanoid, not just the A1 arm or B1 torso; founding year not verified in product source."},
    {"company":"Elite Robots","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.elibot.com/","humanoid_product":"Centaur-G1 — industrial wheeled dual-arm humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.elibot.com/product/wheeled","include":"yes","note":"艾利特机器人; own complete humanoid and Primo control platform. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"EngineAI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.engineai.com.cn/","humanoid_product":"T800 — full-size humanoid for industrial and commercial tasks","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://en.engineai.com.cn/open/docs/t800/t800/about-t800?entry=docs","include":"yes","note":"众擎机器人. Founding year not verified in cited product documentation."},
    {"company":"Figurobot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.figurobot.com/","humanoid_product":"NIA/NIAN — desktop emotional-interaction humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.figurobot.com/","include":"borderline","note":"灵童机器人; desktop companion format; qualifying mobile base and height above the toy/education threshold not established. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"FiveAges","hq_country":"China","website":"https://five-ages.ai/","humanoid_product":"JI LING-L — self-developed wheeled humanoid for industrial manipulation","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://five-ages.ai/","include":"yes","note":"中科第五纪. Established September 2024; official site lists Beijing headquarters."},
    {"company":"Fourier","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.fftai.com/","humanoid_product":"GR-3 — full-size bipedal care and interactive companionship humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://support.fftai.com/en/gr3/getting-started/general-information","include":"yes","note":"傅利叶; formerly branded Fourier Intelligence. Founding year not verified in the cited product source."},
    {"company":"Fuwei Intelligent","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.gzfwzn.com/","humanoid_product":"Fuzhi 1/Fuzhi 2 — wheeled dual-arm industrial humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.gzfwzn.com/ProductsSt_humanoid.html","include":"yes","note":"富唯智能; own humanoid hardware and GRID control platform. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Galaxea","hq_country":"China","website":"https://galaxea-ai.com/","humanoid_product":"R1 — full-size wheeled dual-arm humanoid for research and manipulation","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://galaxea-ai.com/en/company.html","include":"yes","note":"星海图. Founding year: https://galaxea-ai.com/en/company.html"},
    {"company":"Galbot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.galbot.com/","humanoid_product":"G1 — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for general-purpose manipulation","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://www.galbot.com/","include":"yes","note":"银河通用. Founding year: https://galbot.com/about/"},
    {"company":"Gemini AI Bot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.geminiaibot.com/","humanoid_product":"GeminiBot A1 — wheeled industrial humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://geminiaibot.com/news/class/","include":"yes","note":"双子智擎; private BEST group spinout with own humanoid product; English name indexed by the manufacturer's Gemini branding/domain. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"GENISOM AI Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.genisomai.com/","humanoid_product":"NE01 — bipedal humanoid platform","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.genisomai.com/","include":"yes","note":"智身科技. Included for NE01, beyond its quadrupeds; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"GigaAI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://gigaai.cc/","humanoid_product":"Maker H01 — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for homes and services","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://gigaai.cc/maker-h01","include":"yes","note":"极佳视界 / 极佳科技. Official page explicitly says full-stack self-developed body; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"GLRoad Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.glroad.com/","humanoid_product":"Laborer family — full-size bipedal humanoids for industrial and service tasks","founded_year":2025,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/864.html","include":"yes","note":"格蓝若智能机器人; startup jointly established by GLRoad and Chen Xuedong's team; own robot design and manufacturing, separate from university."},
    {"company":"HandX Innovation Technology","hq_country":"China","website":"","humanoid_product":"Yuan You — wheeled humanoid for services and manipulation","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.wuhan.gov.cn/wwwz/ywwz_1/H_1/NWP/202602/t20260227_2732596.shtml","include":"yes","note":"手智创新; Wuhan commercial company developing complete Yuan You robot, beyond its hands/gloves. Standalone website and founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"HARIBIT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.haribit.com/","humanoid_product":"Special-purpose humanoid — full-size humanoid for inspection and rescue","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/473.html","include":"borderline","note":"理工华汇. Commercial university spinout, but university ownership and special-purpose rather than general-purpose positioning need review; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"High Torque Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.hightorquerobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"Hi — 89 cm bipedal humanoid development platform","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.hightorquerobotics.com/hi/","include":"yes","note":"高擎机电 / 高擎动力. Larger than the 60 cm threshold; founding year not verified in product source."},
    {"company":"HITBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://en.hitbot.cc/","humanoid_product":"H-robot-1 — wheeled dual-arm humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://en.hitbot.cc/humanoid-robot/62.html","include":"yes","note":"慧灵机器人; official specifications include articulated head, two arms, waist and mobile base; not only components. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Hiwonder","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.hiwonder.com/","humanoid_product":"TonyPi — compact bipedal AI education humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.hiwonder.com/products/tonypi","include":"borderline","note":"幻尔科技; small educational humanoid under the brief's 60 cm threshold; no qualifying larger model verified. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.jingchurobot.cn/","humanoid_product":"Jingchu/Jingchu Elf — general-purpose humanoid robot family","founded_year":2025,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/860.html","include":"yes","note":"湖北荆楚人形机器人; commercial HUST spinout manufacturing complete robots; official English name in WRC English exhibitor profile."},
    {"company":"Hubei QiRobotics","hq_country":"China","website":"","humanoid_product":"Shennong — full-size bipedal humanoid for industry, logistics and research","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/862.html","include":"yes","note":"湖北启灵机器人; commercial startup co-founded by scientists and executives; official English WRC exhibitor name QiRobotics. Official standalone website and founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"INFIFORCE","hq_country":"China","website":"https://infiforce.cn/","humanoid_product":"AstroDroid — embodied-AI humanoid for kitchen and service tasks","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://infiforce.cn/robot","include":"yes","note":"原力无限; formerly ELU.AI; official product page and Hangzhou address. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"JAKA Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.jaka.com/","humanoid_product":"JAKA π/Kargo/Lumi — bipedal and wheeled humanoid product families","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.jaka.com/zh/news","include":"yes","note":"节卡机器人; official product navigation names its own bipedal and wheeled humanoids, beyond stationary cobot arms. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"KEENON Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.keenon.com/","humanoid_product":"XMAN-R1 — humanoid for commercial manipulation and services","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/keenon-robotics-showcases-humanoid-robot-at-ces-2026-for-first-time-and-unveils-first-robotic-lawn-mower-expanding-its-robotic-services-into-new-realms-302654186.html","include":"yes","note":"擎朗智能. Company-issued CES 2026 release; founding year not verified in this source."},
    {"company":"Kepler Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.gotokepler.com/","humanoid_product":"K2 Bumblebee — full-size industrial humanoid","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/worlds-first-commercially-available-hybrid-architecture-humanoid-robot-moves-into-mass-production-kepler-marks-the-start-of-a-new-industrial-era-302568138.html","include":"borderline","note":"开普勒; startup acquired by listed Hangzhou Kelin (51%); no longer independently private. Ownership/founding evidence: https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-20/1225482698.PDF"},
    {"company":"KinetixAI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.kinetixai.tech/","humanoid_product":"KaiBot — highly anthropomorphic general-purpose humanoid platform","founded_year":2025,"source_url":"https://www.kinetixai.tech/en/about","include":"yes","note":"超维动力. Founded July 2025; Shenzhen address on official site."},
    {"company":"Lanxin Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.lanxinrobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"VB2 — wheeled humanoid for industrial manipulation","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://debug.lanxinrobotics.com/humanoid-robots/vb2-2/","include":"yes","note":"蓝芯机器人. Complete VB2 distinguished from separately sold H6 chassis; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Leju","hq_country":"China","website":"https://lejurobot.com/","humanoid_product":"KUAVO 5 / 5-W — full-size bipedal and wheeled humanoids for research, services and industry","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://lejurobot.com/en","include":"yes","note":"乐聚机器人 / 乐聚智能. Uses Leju on its English website; founding year not verified beyond copyright date."},
    {"company":"Li-Gong","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.li-gong.com/","humanoid_product":"LeadIn D1/F1 — full-size bipedal and wheeled humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://li-gong.com/atw/NewsDetail?id=105","include":"borderline","note":"里工实业; private manufacturer with its own humanoids, but established industrial business rather than clearly a startup. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"LimX Dynamics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.limxdynamics.com/","humanoid_product":"Oli; Luna — full-size general-purpose research and interactive humanoids","founded_year":2022,"source_url":"https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/faq","include":"yes","note":"逐际动力. Shenzhen; company FAQ explicitly confirms original robot design and manufacturing."},
    {"company":"Lumos Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.lumosbot.tech/","humanoid_product":"LUS; MOS — full-size bipedal and wheeled dual-arm humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.lumosbot.tech/about/","include":"yes","note":"鹿明机器人. Founding year not verified in cited company profile."},
    {"company":"MagicLab","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.magiclab.top/","humanoid_product":"MagicBot X1; Z1 — bipedal general-purpose humanoid robots","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.magiclab.top/en","include":"yes","note":"魔法原子. Founding year not verified in cited product source."},
    {"company":"Matrix Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/","humanoid_product":"MATRIX-3 — full-size general-purpose bipedal humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/","include":"yes","note":"矩阵超智. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"MirrorMe Technology","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.mirrormetech.com/en/","humanoid_product":"Bolt — full-size bipedal humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.mirrormetech.com/en/","include":"yes","note":"镜识科技; separate from its Black Panther quadrupeds. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"NeodraDynamics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://neodradynamics.com/","humanoid_product":"Neo1 — heavy-duty hydraulic-electric humanoid prototype","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/neodradynamics-showcases-4-meter--1-2-ton-neo1-heavy-duty-hydraulic-robot-with-jd-industrial-at-ciif-hydraulicelectric-hybrid-solves-realworld-4d-industrial-challenges-302908332.html","include":"yes","note":"清卓动力; company-issued CIIF announcement of complete robot. Joint display with JD Industrial does not make it a JD division. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Noetix Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.noetixrobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"N2; E1; Bumi — bipedal general-purpose humanoid platforms","founded_year":2023,"source_url":"https://www.noetixrobotics.com/about/","include":"yes","note":"松延动力."},
    {"company":"PaXini","hq_country":"China","website":"https://paxini.com/","humanoid_product":"TORA DOUBLE ONE — wheeled general-purpose humanoid with dexterous hands","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://paxini.com/index/robot/doubleone","include":"yes","note":"帕西尼感知科技. Builds own full robots in addition to tactile sensors and hands; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"PHYBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.phybot.tech/","humanoid_product":"M1 — independently developed general-purpose humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.phybot.tech/en/phybot-m1","include":"yes","note":"动易科技. Official page identifies self-developed hardware and motion control; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"PL-Universe Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://en.pl-universe.com/","humanoid_product":"ProWhite 2.0 — industrial wheeled dual-arm general-purpose humanoid","founded_year":2025,"source_url":"https://en.pl-universe.com/","include":"yes","note":"普罗宇宙. Company says founded January 2025 and headquartered in Suzhou Industrial Park."},
    {"company":"PNDbotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://pndbotics.com/","humanoid_product":"Adam — full-size general-purpose bipedal research and manipulation humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://wiki.pndbotics.com/en/robot/humanoid_robot/","include":"yes","note":"柏奥尼克机器人. Founding year not verified in cited documentation."},
    {"company":"PsiBot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.psibot.ai/","humanoid_product":"Psi SynRobot — humanoid for logistics, retail and industry","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.psibot.ai/en/home/","include":"yes","note":"灵初智能. Shanghai company; full robot alongside models, gloves and exoskeleton teleoperation equipment. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Pudu Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.pudurobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"PUDU D9 — full-size bipedal general-purpose service humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.pudurobotics.com/about/news/6763cce40767a20044b4a69a","include":"yes","note":"普渡科技. Own Pudu X-Lab hardware, alongside wheeled service robots; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Qihan Technology","hq_country":"China","website":"https://en.sanbot.com/","humanoid_product":"Sanbot — wheeled humanoid service robot","founded_year":2006,"source_url":"https://en.sanbot.com/upload/press/sanbot-about.pdf","include":"borderline","note":"旗瀚; manufacturer calls Sanbot its proprietary humanoid, but paddle-like arms and limited manipulation make general-purpose eligibility doubtful; mature private company rather than recent startup."},
    {"company":"Qingbao Robot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.qingyun-robot.com/","humanoid_product":"Qingbao humanoid series — human-size service humanoids for retail and cultural tourism","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.qingyun-robot.com/en/","include":"yes","note":"清宝机器人 / 清宝引擎机器人. Shanghai; founding year and specific model designation not verified."},
    {"company":"RealMan","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.realman-robotics.com/","humanoid_product":"RealBot-01 — modular wheeled humanoid with head, torso and two arms","founded_year":2018,"source_url":"https://www.realman-robotics.com/en/products/realbot-humanoid.html","include":"yes","note":"睿尔曼智能. Included for complete RealBot robot, not its standalone humanoid arms; Founding year: https://www.realman-robotics.com/en/main/about-us.html"},
    {"company":"RoboParty","hq_country":"China","website":"https://roboparty.com/","humanoid_product":"RP1 / ROBOTO 01 — full-stack open-source humanoid research platform","founded_year":2025,"source_url":"https://github.com/Roboparty","include":"yes","note":"萝博派对. Manufacturer's GitHub states founding on February 21, 2025; commercial company, not a hobby project."},
    {"company":"RoboScience","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.robosci.com/","humanoid_product":"REX G1 — wheeled general-purpose humanoid","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://www.robosci.com/","include":"yes","note":"机器科学. Official site says founded December 2024 and develops its own REX robots alongside models."},
    {"company":"ROBOTERA","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.robotera.com/","humanoid_product":"L7/Q5 — full-size bipedal and wheeled humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/robotera-showcases-its-hexa-core--robotics-lineup-at-ces-2026-302656161.html","include":"yes","note":"星动纪元. Founding year not verified; official brochure indexed but direct retrieval was intermittent."},
    {"company":"Ruoyu Tech","hq_country":"China","website":"https://ruoyutech.com/en/","humanoid_product":"Ruoyu Lanyue — general-purpose wheeled humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://ruoyutech.com/en/","include":"yes","note":"若愚科技; own humanoid listed alongside Jiutian models and Tiangong data tools. Shenzhen address on official English site. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Simple AI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://simpleai.tech/","humanoid_product":"Xiaopu Simbot — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for home-like service tasks","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/48/","include":"yes","note":"深朴智能; WRC states self-developed body, not only model/data software. Official hardware site: https://simpleai.tech/. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Simplexity Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.simplexityrobotics.com/","humanoid_product":"i7 Pro — mobile dual-arm industrial embodied robot","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.mctech.ai/simplexity-robotics-delivers-first-100-i7-pro-robots-marking-a-new-production-deployment-for-mcts-embodied-intelligence-product/","include":"borderline","note":"至简动力; supplier confirms own complete robot deliveries; humanoid head/torso geometry not independently established by this text. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Spirit AI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.spirit-ai.com/","humanoid_product":"Moz1 — force-controlled humanoid for household and commercial manipulation","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/8","include":"yes","note":"千寻智能. Builds its own robot as well as VLA models; incorporated in Hangzhou in January 2024."},
    {"company":"Standard Robots","hq_country":"China","website":"https://en.standard-robots.com/","humanoid_product":"DARWIN — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for industrial tasks","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://en.standard-robots.com/products/cid-2","include":"yes","note":"斯坦德机器人; product page explicitly identifies DARWIN as a humanoid. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Synria Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://synriarobotics.ai/","humanoid_product":"Alicia-MH — upper-body dual-arm humanoid research system","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://synriarobotics.ai/","include":"borderline","note":"玄雅科技; manufacturer calls this upper-body humanoid; qualifying legs/wheeled base and separate head are not established. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"TARS","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.tars-ai.com/","humanoid_product":"A1 — humanoid manipulation robot for precision industrial tasks","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/from-mind-to-hand-tars-brings-a-dexterous-hand-with-brain-and-awe3-0-to-icra-2026--302788465.html","include":"yes","note":"它石智航. Company-issued ICRA release demonstrates own A1 hardware; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"TetraBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.tetrabot.com/","humanoid_product":"Tiankui — humanoid upper body on tracked industrial base","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.tetrabot.com/article/64/182.html","include":"borderline","note":"天创机器人; complete multi-task robot, but tracked base and hazardous-environment specialization make fit with the wheeled/legged general-purpose definition uncertain. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Ti5Robot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.ti5robot.com/","humanoid_product":"T170A — full-size bipedal research and exhibition humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.ti5robot.com/site/t170a/split/00_%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E4%B8%8E%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B.html","include":"yes","note":"钛虎; manufacturer documentation specifies a head, two arms and two legs. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"UniX AI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.unix-group.ai/","humanoid_product":"Wanda 2.0; Panther; Martian — wheeled dual-arm and bipedal general-purpose humanoids","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://www.unix-group.ai/About-Unix-AI","include":"yes","note":"优理奇机器人. Official company profile says headquarters in Suzhou, China."},
    {"company":"Vita Dynamics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.vbot.cn/en","humanoid_product":"Vbot ATOM — human-scale humanoid for household manipulation","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/48/","include":"yes","note":"维他动力; official WRC exhibitor showcase confirms its humanoid, in addition to Vbot quadrupeds. ATOM launch: https://www.xinhuanet.com/auto/20260822/552eab20bbfb45aab48880b1878f7938/c.html. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Vizum","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.vizumtech.com/","humanoid_product":"Xiaowei AGV — wheeled humanoid with lifting torso and dexterous arms","founded_year":2016,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/459.html","include":"yes","note":"伟景智能; WRC exhibitor profile explicitly supplies its English name, founding year, own development and general-purpose applications."},
    {"company":"Westlake Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://wlrobo.com/","humanoid_product":"TITAN O1 — full-body humanoid for embodied-AI research and manipulation","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://wlrobo.com/","include":"yes","note":"西湖机器人. Commercial Westlake University spinout in Hangzhou; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Wujie Robotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://wujierobot.cn/","humanoid_product":"Gangbeng B-001 — full-size bipedal humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.wuxi.gov.cn/doc/2026/01/22/4721768.shtml","include":"yes","note":"无界探索; commercial Wuxi company, distinct from Anyverse Dynamics. B-001 publicly exhibited; official release at https://wujierobot.cn/4/2/2134778 was indexed but intermittently inaccessible. Founding year not verified; Self-published English company name not located; English index name follows its Wujie Robot domain."},
    {"company":"X Square Robot","hq_country":"China","website":"https://x2robot.com/","humanoid_product":"Quanta series — wheeled dual-arm humanoid platform","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://x2robot.com/","include":"yes","note":"自变量机器人. WALL-B is its model, not the robot name; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Yobotics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.yobotics.cn/","humanoid_product":"Walker Taishan E2 — general-purpose bipedal humanoid","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.yobotics.cn/","include":"yes","note":"优宝特. Company homepage announces its E2 release; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"YOUIBOT","hq_country":"China","website":"https://en.youibot.com/","humanoid_product":"Tianyan Xunxiao/Lingshu — wheeled and bipedal industrial humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://zh.youibot.com/news/180.html?btwaf=27181279","include":"yes","note":"优艾智合; own hardware jointly developed with its university partnership, rather than a university-only project. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Yuequan Bionics","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.yqbionics.com/","humanoid_product":"X-Bot/W-Bot 2.0 — full-size bipedal and wheeled humanoids","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.yqbionics.com/","include":"yes","note":"月泉仿生; commercial Beijing company, not the university or bionics academy. Founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Yunmu Intelligent Manufacturing","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.ymbot.com/","humanoid_product":"YMBot C2/H/D — bipedal and wheeled dual-arm humanoids","founded_year":2021,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/502.html","include":"yes","note":"云幕智造; official WRC exhibitor profile identifies its own humanoid development and manufacture; English rendering also branded YMBot."},
    {"company":"Zerith","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.zerith.com/","humanoid_product":"H1 — wheeled dual-arm humanoid for retail, services and research","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.zerith.com/","include":"yes","note":"零次方机器人. Hefei company; distinct from Zeroth; founding year not verified."},
    {"company":"Zeroth","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.zeroth0.com/","humanoid_product":"Jupiter — human-scale humanoid for research, training and service","founded_year":null,"source_url":"https://www.zeroth0.com/products/jupiter","include":"yes","note":"乐享科技 / 苏州乐享智能. Suzhou operating entity identified at https://www.zeroth0.com/pages/about-us-our-identity ; founding year not verified. Included for Jupiter, beyond small M1."},
    {"company":"ZhiCheng AI","hq_country":"China","website":"https://www.zhicheng-robot.com/","humanoid_product":"TR6/XR1 — general-purpose bipedal and industrial wheeled humanoids","founded_year":2024,"source_url":"https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/582.html","include":"yes","note":"智澄英达（杭州）; founding date and its own humanoid products documented by WRC exhibitor profile."}
  ],
  "sources_checked": [
    "https://store.agibot.com/pages/about-us",
    "https://www.galbot.com/",
    "https://support.fftai.com/en/gr3/getting-started/general-information",
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    "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/robotera-showcases-its-hexa-core--robotics-lineup-at-ces-2026-302656161.html",
    "https://www.astribot.com/",
    "https://en.engineai.com.cn/open/docs/t800/t800/about-t800?entry=docs",
    "https://www.booster.tech/about-us?target=en",
    "https://wiki.pndbotics.com/en/robot/humanoid_robot/",
    "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en/about/history/id/37",
    "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/about/",
    "https://en.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/dr02.html",
    "https://www.magiclab.top/en",
    "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/8",
    "https://lejurobot.com/en",
    "https://docs.ai2robotics.com/en/alphabot2/hardware/architecture/",
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    "https://x2robot.com/",
    "https://www.pudurobotics.com/about/news/6763cce40767a20044b4a69a",
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    "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/",
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    "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/from-mind-to-hand-tars-brings-a-dexterous-hand-with-brain-and-awe3-0-to-icra-2026--302788465.html",
    "https://www.bxirobotics.com/about",
    "https://www.hightorquerobotics.com/hi/",
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    "https://github.com/Roboparty",
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    "https://www.zerith.com/",
    "https://www.psibot.ai/en/home/",
    "https://www.kinetixai.tech/en/about",
    "https://www.robosci.com/",
    "https://gigaai.cc/maker-h01",
    "https://five-ages.ai/",
    "https://www.genisomai.com/",
    "https://ent-fund.org/sc/news/details/522",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/473.html",
    "https://www.cyb-org.cn/",
    "https://www.yobotics.cn/",
    "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/mercury-x1-en/",
    "https://wlrobo.com/",
    "https://www.qingyun-robot.com/en/",
    "https://www.ti5robot.com/site/t170a/split/00_%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E4%B8%8E%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/502.html",
    "https://en.standard-robots.com/products/cid-2",
    "https://www.mirrormetech.com/en/",
    "https://www.jaka.com/zh/news",
    "https://infiforce.cn/robot",
    "https://www.anywit.com/",
    "https://synriarobotics.ai/",
    "https://global.agilex.ai/products/cobot-magic-bimanual-teleoperation-platform-mobile-aloha",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/459.html",
    "https://www.yqbionics.com/",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/582.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/777.html",
    "https://github.com/ARXroboticsX/LIFT-mini-beta",
    "https://www.mctech.ai/simplexity-robotics-delivers-first-100-i7-pro-robots-marking-a-new-production-deployment-for-mcts-embodied-intelligence-product/",
    "https://www.hiwonder.com/products/tonypi",
    "https://www.figurobot.com/",
    "https://zh.youibot.com/news/180.html?btwaf=27181279",
    "https://www.artrobot.com/h-nd-202.html",
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    "https://en.sanbot.com/upload/press/sanbot-about.pdf",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/469.html",
    "https://www.elibot.com/product/wheeled",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/843.html",
    "https://www.atomrobot.com/product",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/860.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/862.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/company/864.html",
    "https://geminiaibot.com/news/class/",
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    "https://www.wuhan.gov.cn/wwwz/ywwz_1/H_1/NWP/202602/t20260227_2732596.shtml",
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    "https://ruoyutech.com/en/",
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    "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/daimon-robotics-releases-embodied-dataset-daimon-infinity-2044748516201508865",
    "https://humanoidranks.com/china",
    "https://www.robothub.app/en/companies",
    "https://www.chinesehumanoids.com/suppliers/",
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    "https://roboboom.com/countries/china",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/news/latestnews/3137.html",
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    "https://humanoidssummit.com/attending-companies-hs-tokyo-2026",
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    "https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2026-08-20/1225482698.PDF",
    "https://static.cninfo.com.cn/finalpage/2024-04-26/1219936089.PDF",
    "https://galbot.com/about/",
    "https://ai2robotics.com/en/about/",
    "https://www.realman-robotics.com/en/main/about-us.html",
    "https://www.zeroth0.com/pages/about-us-our-identity",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/list_339/500.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/list_339/502.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/list_339/860.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/list_339/862.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/list_339/863.html",
    "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/list_339/843.html",
    "https://simpleai.tech/",
    "https://www.dmrobot.com/about.html",
    "https://www.jushenji.com/manufacturers",
    "https://www.xinhuanet.com/auto/20260822/552eab20bbfb45aab48880b1878f7938/c.html",
    "https://wujierobot.cn/4/2/2134778",
    "https://www.vizumtech.com/",
    "https://crprobot.com/",
    "https://www.zeroth0.com/pages/about-us-our-innovation"
  ]
}